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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the pathologist's perspective
Wei-Qiang Leow1, Anthony Wing-Hung Chan2, Paulo Giovanni L Mendoza3
1Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) diagnosis relies on liver biopsies, but variability exists. This review covers NAFLD histopathology, grading, staging, and the evolving role of biopsies for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Pathology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a range of conditions, from simple steatosis to cirrhosis, defined by fat in liver cells.
- Liver biopsy is crucial for NAFLD diagnosis but faces challenges like interobserver variability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of NAFLD histopathology.
- To discuss current grading and staging systems for NAFLD.
- To explore the current and future applications of liver biopsies in NAFLD diagnosis and prognosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of histopathological features of NAFLD.
- Analysis of existing grading and staging systems.
- Discussion of the diagnostic and prognostic utility of liver biopsies.
Main Results:
- Detailed description of NAFLD histopathological findings.
- Explanation of current NAFLD classification systems.
- Evaluation of the strengths and limitations of liver biopsy in NAFLD management.
Conclusions:
- Liver biopsy remains a cornerstone in NAFLD diagnosis and staging.
- Ongoing research aims to enhance the precision and reliability of liver biopsy interpretation.
- Understanding histopathological nuances is key for accurate NAFLD prognostication and treatment guidance.
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