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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
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Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
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Cognitive Performance following Single- or Multi-Session Exercise Intervention in Middle Age: A Systematic Review.

Fayeza S Ahmed1, Taylor M McMillan1, Benjamin A Guenther1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA.

Experimental Aging Research
|November 17, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular exercise may benefit cognitive function in middle-aged adults. While some cognitive skills showed improvement, others had mixed results, highlighting the need for standardized assessments in future research on dementia risk reduction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology can emerge in middle age, making this a critical period for dementia risk intervention.
  • Research is increasingly exploring modifiable behaviors, such as exercise, for dementia risk reduction.
  • Focusing on middle-aged adults (45-65) offers a proactive approach to cognitive health.

Approach:

  • Systematic review of exercise intervention studies on cognitive function in healthy middle-aged adults.
  • Searched major databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar.
  • Included studies utilizing validated neuropsychological measures for cognitively unimpaired individuals.

Key Points:

  • Single-session exercise interventions showed improvements in response inhibition but mixed results for cognitive flexibility; no significant changes in attention, working memory, or processing speed.
  • Multi-session exercise interventions yielded varied results, with improvements in verbal memory but mixed outcomes for attention, working memory, processing speed, and executive function.
  • Significant heterogeneity in study designs, interventions, and outcome measures, including a lack of standardized neuropsychological testing, complicates direct synthesis of findings.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise interventions show potential for enhancing specific cognitive functions in middle-aged adults.
  • The heterogeneity and lack of standardized assessments across studies present challenges for definitive conclusions.
  • Future research should focus on standardized cognitive assessments and long-term exercise interventions to better understand their impact on cognitive aging and dementia prevention.