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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

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Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
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Clearance Models: Noncompartmental Models01:17

Clearance Models: Noncompartmental Models

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Clearance is a pharmacokinetic parameter traditionally defined by compartment models, signifying the rate at which a drug is expelled from the body. However, a noncompartmental model offers an alternative method for assessing clearance, primarily employing empirical data obtained after administering a single drug dose.
The noncompartmental approach capitalizes on extensive sampling data, correlating the volume of distribution to systemic exposure and the administered dosage. This method enables...
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Clearance Models: Physiological Models01:09

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Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume.
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

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Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
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Multicompartment Models: Overview01:14

Multicompartment Models: Overview

218
Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models01:14

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models

169
Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
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Reconsideration of Leeway Space Calculated Using Models from Same Patients at Different Growth Stages.

Hiroki Imai1, Atsuo Sakurai1, Seikou Shintani1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College.

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|November 17, 2022
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Summary

This study determined original leeway space using dental models, finding it larger in the maxilla than previously reported. Larger leeway space aids permanent tooth alignment, with crowding linked to reduced space.

Keywords:
Leeway spaceMesiodistal crown widthPlaster models of successive years

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • Leeway space, the difference between deciduous and permanent tooth widths, is crucial for orthodontic outcomes.
  • Variations in leeway space can influence tooth crowding and alignment.
  • Previous studies have reported differing values for leeway space, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine original leeway space in a contemporary cohort using plaster models.
  • To compare measured leeway space with previously reported values.
  • To investigate the relationship between mesiodistal crown width, leeway space, and dentition crowding.

Main Methods:

  • Plaster dental models were created from individuals over successive years.
  • Mesiodistal crown widths of specific deciduous and permanent teeth were measured.
  • Leeway space was calculated and compared between groups (normal vs. crowded dentition) and sexes.

Main Results:

  • Average maxillary and mandibular leeway spaces were 1.46 mm and 2.66 mm, respectively, in the same individuals.
  • Leeway space was larger in the maxilla compared to previous reports.
  • Crowded dentition showed a tendency toward larger permanent teeth and reduced leeway space, particularly in boys.

Conclusions:

  • The current findings suggest a potentially larger maxillary leeway space than previously documented.
  • Adequate leeway space is beneficial for achieving normal permanent tooth alignment.
  • Reduced leeway space and larger permanent tooth dimensions may contribute to dental crowding.