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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
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Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

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Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
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Updated: Aug 21, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Working memory capacity estimates moderate value learning for outcome-irrelevant features.

Ido Ben-Artzi1, Roy Luria2,3, Nitzan Shahar2,3

  • 1School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. idobenartzi@mail.tau.ac.il.

Scientific Reports
|November 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher working memory capacity helps individuals avoid learning from irrelevant cues during value-based learning. This cognitive control mechanism filters out outcome-irrelevant information, improving action-outcome associations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Accurate action-outcome associations require ignoring irrelevant environmental features.
  • Attentional control's role in value-based learning remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate if working memory filters outcome-irrelevant information during value-based learning.
  • Examine the moderating effect of working memory capacity on outcome-irrelevant learning.

Main Methods:

  • 174 participants completed a working memory capacity test.
  • A reinforcement learning task assessed outcome-irrelevant learning.
  • Analysis focused on the relationship between working memory and irrelevant cue valuation.

Main Results:

  • Replicated group tendency to value outcome-irrelevant response keys.
  • Higher working memory capacity correlated with reduced valuation of irrelevant keys.
  • Working memory capacity significantly moderated outcome-irrelevant learning.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory acts as a filter for irrelevant information in value-based learning.
  • Cognitive control failure may underlie outcome-irrelevant learning.
  • Working memory capacity influences the precision of action-value updating.