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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Graft Viability Assessment Through Quantitative Metrics and Innovative Reservoir Systems
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Renal dysfunction and outcome in left ventricular non-compaction.

Ladina Erhart1, Beat A Kaufmann2, Baris Gencer3,4

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland. ladinaerhart@gmail.com.

Cardiology Journal
|November 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Impaired kidney function in patients with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) significantly increases the risk of death or heart transplantation. Routine renal function assessment is crucial for risk stratification in LVNC patients.

Keywords:
creatinineestimated glomerular filtration rateheart failurekidneyprognosisrenal functionurea

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • Renal function's impact on clinical outcomes is known in other cardiomyopathies, but its prognostic value in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) remains uninvestigated.
  • Assessing renal function's role in LVNC prognosis is critical for improving patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prognostic significance of renal function in patients diagnosed with LVNC.
  • To evaluate the association between renal function markers and adverse clinical outcomes in LVNC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of isolated LVNC patients diagnosed via echocardiography and/or MRI across four Swiss centers.
  • Collection of creatinine, urea, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values using the CKD-EPI 2009 formula.
  • Application of Cox regression modeling to assess the composite endpoint of death or heart transplantation.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between impaired renal function and increased risk of death or heart transplantation in LVNC patients.
  • Elevated creatinine and urea levels, and decreased eGFR were independently linked to adverse outcomes.
  • Hazard ratios indicated a substantial increase in risk for each increment/decrement in renal function parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Impairment in renal function is a significant predictor of adverse outcomes, including death and heart transplantation, in patients with LVNC.
  • Kidney function assessment should be integrated into the standard risk assessment protocols for LVNC patients.
  • This study highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing LVNC.