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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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French AFU Cancer Committee Guidelines - Update 2022-2024: penile cancer.

P H Savoie1, T Murez2, P Neuville3

  • 1Comité de Cancérologie de l'Association française d'urologie, groupe organes génitaux externes, Maison de l'urologie, 11, rue Viète, 75017 Paris, France; Service de chirurgie urologique, hôpital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne, 2, boulevard Sainte-Anne, BP 600, 83800 Toulon Cedex 09, France.

Progres En Urologie : Journal De L'Association Francaise D'Urologie Et De La Societe Francaise D'Urologie
|November 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Penile cancer requires aggressive surgical treatment, often combined with chemotherapy for node-positive cases. Accurate inguinal lymph node assessment is crucial for determining prognosis and guiding treatment decisions in penile cancer management.

Keywords:
Adénopathie inguinaleCancer épidermoïdeEpidermoid carcinomaInguinal adenopathyLymphadenectomyLymphadénectomiePenectomyPenile cancerPénectomiePénis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Penile cancer diagnosis and treatment guidelines require regular updates.
  • Epidermoid carcinoma is the predominant penile cancer histology.

Framework:

  • Guidelines updated based on a comprehensive Medline search (2020-2022).
  • Evidence levels evaluated using the AGREE-II instrument.

Implementation:

  • Physical examination and imaging (MRI with artificial erection) are key for staging.
  • Invasive lymph node assessment, including sentinel node biopsy, is recommended due to high rates of micrometastasis.
  • 18-FDG-PET and CT scans aid in evaluating palpable nodes.
  • Surgical management with clear margins and organ-sparing techniques is primary.
  • Multidisciplinary treatment with chemotherapy is indicated for advanced nodal disease.

Implications:

  • Lymph node involvement is a critical prognostic factor in penile cancer.
  • Neglecting inguinal node assessment can negatively impact patient outcomes.
  • Updated guidelines emphasize the importance of thorough nodal staging and tailored treatment strategies.