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Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in geriatric patients-A neglected and emerging problem
Ajoy Kumar Verma1, Vijay Kumar Arora2
1Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Sri Aurobindo Marg, New Delhi 110030, India.
Abstract:
The diseases caused by Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has increased steadily in the last two decades. Increase in incidence of NTM infections are being reported in elderly people as they are more susceptible and often experiencing high morbidity. There is prediction that NTM infections will further rise because of expected increase in elderly population by 2050. Given the importance of NTM infection in the elderly, the interest in studying NTM characteristics in the aged population is increasing. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of NTM infection among elderly patients. We focus on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options of NTM in this age group. We highlight the differences in the diagnosis and treatment between rapid and slow growing mycobacterial infections. The current recommendations for treatment of NTM have been discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the prognosis of NTM disease in elderly patients.
Insights
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are rising in the elderly. This review details NTM epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment for older adults, addressing challenges in diagnosis and management.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Geriatrics
- Microbiology
Background:
- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections show a steady increase over the past two decades.
- Elderly individuals are more susceptible to NTM infections, experiencing higher morbidity.
- Projected population aging suggests a further rise in NTM infections by 2050.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the characteristics of NTM infections specifically in elderly patients.
- To focus on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options for NTM in this demographic.
- To highlight differences in diagnosis and treatment between rapid and slow-growing mycobacterial infections.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on NTM infections in the elderly population.
- Analysis of epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic strategies.
- Comparison of diagnostic and treatment approaches for rapid versus slow-growing mycobacteria.
Main Results:
- NTM infections present unique challenges in the elderly due to comorbidities and altered immune responses.
- Treatment strategies require careful consideration of drug interactions and potential toxicities in older adults.
- Prognosis varies based on the specific NTM species, host immune status, and treatment adherence.
Conclusions:
- NTM infections represent a growing public health concern in the aging population.
- Tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are crucial for effective management of NTM in the elderly.
- Further research is needed to optimize treatment guidelines and improve outcomes for elderly patients with NTM disease.
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