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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
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Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

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Glomerulonephritides associated with infections.

Martin Havrda

    Vnitrni Lekarstvi
    |November 19, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Infectious glomerulonephritis is increasingly affecting older adults, often with poor outcomes. Prompt infection diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this kidney disease and avoiding complications from immunosuppression.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Glomerulonephritis (GN) linked to infections is a significant and evolving disease group.
    • There's a demographic shift towards older individuals, with decreasing rates of acute post-streptococcal GN and rising rates of GN from various infections, often with poorer prognoses.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the increasing incidence and diagnostic challenges of infection-associated glomerulonephritis (IAGN).
    • To emphasize the critical role of identifying underlying infections in GN patients.
    • To discuss diagnostic strategies and treatment implications, particularly concerning immunosuppressive therapy.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and renal biopsy characteristics suggestive of IAGN.
    Keywords:
    COVID-19GNPSGNSAGNglomerulonephritishepatitisinfection associatedparainfectiouspostinfectiousshunt nephritis

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  • Discussion of diagnostic workup including serological testing for hepatitis B and C, and other relevant investigations based on risk factors.
  • Analysis of treatment approaches focusing on pathogen eradication.

    • Main Results:

    • IAGN is increasingly prevalent, especially in the elderly, and can present as the initial sign of an occult infection.
    • Renal biopsy may show suggestive signs, but active infection search is mandatory in all new GN cases.
    • Distinguishing IAGN from autoimmune GN can be challenging due to overlapping clinical and histological features.

    Conclusions:

    • Early and accurate diagnosis of the causative infection is paramount in managing IAGN.
    • Failure to identify and treat the infection can lead to worsening of the kidney disease and adverse outcomes, especially if immunosuppressive therapy is initiated without addressing the infection.
    • Treatment primarily involves eliminating the causative infection, with immunosuppression reserved for rare, specific cases.