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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
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Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Physiological Target for Improving Physical Function

T Bradley Willingham1, Kevin McCully2, Deborah Backus1

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) impairs mobility not just through central nervous system damage, but also via skeletal muscle dysfunction. Exercise and rehabilitation show promise for improving muscle function and mobility in people with MS.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Physiology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) commonly causes debilitating mobility impairments.
  • Historically, MS-related walking difficulties were attributed solely to central nervous system (CNS) damage.
  • Emerging evidence highlights skeletal muscle dysfunction as a significant contributor to reduced physical function in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle dysfunction in MS.
  • To discuss the role of skeletal muscle as a therapeutic target for improving mobility in MS.
  • To highlight evidence for rehabilitation and exercise interventions in enhancing muscle plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cellular mechanisms in MS-related skeletal muscle dysfunction.
  • Analysis of current evidence on exercise and rehabilitation interventions.
  • Discussion of future research directions in basic science and clinical practice.

Main Results:

  • Skeletal muscle dysfunction, including altered activation, mass, composition, contractility, metabolism, and perfusion, significantly impacts mobility in MS.
  • Chronic inactivity and fatigue associated with MS exacerbate muscle deconditioning.
  • Rehabilitation and exercise interventions can induce beneficial muscle plasticity, even in individuals with moderate to severe MS disability.

Conclusions:

  • Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a critical factor in MS-related mobility impairment, alongside CNS pathology.
  • Targeting skeletal muscle through exercise and rehabilitation offers a promising avenue for improving mobility in people with MS.
  • Further research is needed to refine interventions and advance understanding of muscle plasticity in MS.