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Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
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Topography-mediated immunomodulation in osseointegration; Ally or Enemy.
Sajjad Shirazi1, Sriram Ravindran1, Lyndon F Cooper2
1Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Biomaterials
|November 21, 2022
Summary
Osteoimmunology, the study of bone and immune cell interactions, is crucial for dental implant success. Understanding how implant surfaces influence these cells can improve bone regeneration and prevent bone loss.
Area of Science:
- Osteoimmunology
- Biomaterials Science
- Immunology
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Osseointegration, the process by which bone integrates with endosseous implants, involves complex interactions between bone and immune cells.
- Beyond established osteoblast-osteoclast signaling, a dynamic, bidirectional communication network influences bone formation, maintenance, and resorption at the implant surface.
- Implant surface topography plays a critical role in modulating immune and progenitor cell behavior and their crosstalk, thereby affecting bone accrual.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on immune cell-titanium implant surface interactions.
- To explore how surface engineering, guided by immunological principles, can enhance osseointegration in various microenvironments.
- To elucidate the role of osteoimmunology in osseointegration and peri-implant bone loss, and how immune cell function at the implant-bone interface can be regulated for future clinical therapies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on osteoimmunology and implant surface interactions.
- Mechanistic analysis of immune cell-surface topography relationships.
- Examination of surface topography's influence on immune and progenitor cell function, osteoclastogenesis, and peri-implant inflammation.
Main Results:
- Titanium surface topography significantly influences adherent progenitor and immune cell function and their cross-talk.
- Surface-mediated immunomodulation is a key factor in bone regeneration and the prevention of peri-implant bone loss.
- Understanding immune cell-surface interactions offers potential for improved clinical therapies for osseointegration.
Conclusions:
- Osteoimmunology is central to endosseous implant osseointegration and peri-implant bone health.
- Harnessing immune system responses through titanium surface engineering can improve bone regeneration.
- Targeting immune cell function at the implant interface presents a promising strategy for controlling osseointegration and preventing bone loss.
