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Obstructive sleep apnea in hypothyroidism.

Chitranshu Pancholi1, Shyam Chand Chaudhary1, Kamlesh Kumar Gupta1

  • 1Department of Medicine, K.G.M.U, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Annals of African Medicine
|November 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in hypothyroidism patients, affecting 74%. Early screening and treatment of hypothyroidism can reduce OSA prevalence, particularly in those with higher BMI.

Keywords:
AgeApnea–Hypopnea IndexBody mass indexNeck circumferenceObserved apneaSnoringTiredness during daytimeand Gender questionnaireand high blood Pressurebody mass indexhypothyroidismobstructive sleep apneapolysomnography

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Hypothyroidism is a known risk factor for developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through various mechanisms.
  • The global increase in obesity and lifestyle changes has led to a rise in OSA prevalence.
  • Understanding the association between hypothyroidism and OSA is crucial for timely intervention and preventing complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
  • To investigate the relationship between hypothyroidism and OSA, including risk factors like BMI and thyroid hormone levels.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 100 hypothyroidism patients over one year.
  • Patients completed the STOP-Bang questionnaire; high-risk individuals underwent overnight polysomnography to diagnose OSA (Apnea-Hypopnea Index ≥5).
  • Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0.

Main Results:

  • 74% of hypothyroidism patients had OSA (AHI ≥5), with 40.5% having severe OSA.
  • OSA patients were older (mean age 59.27 vs. 55.46 years) and had a statistically higher BMI (P=0.040).
  • Treatment-naïve hypothyroidism patients showed a significantly higher prevalence of OSA (85.3%) compared to treated patients (66.1%, P=0.030).

Conclusions:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in individuals with hypothyroidism.
  • Screening for OSA in hypothyroidism patients, especially those with higher BMI, is recommended for early diagnosis.
  • Effective treatment of hypothyroidism appears to reduce the prevalence of OSA.