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Factors associated with small-for-gestational-age births among preterm babies born <2000 g: a multifacility

Mesfin K Debere1,2, Damen Haile Mariam3, Ahmed Ali3

  • 1School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia messi.kid@gmail.com.

BMJ Open
|November 22, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The prevalence of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) was high in preterm infants born under 2000g in Ethiopia. Maternal pre-eclampsia significantly increased the risk of SGA, highlighting the need for targeted newborn care strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal health and developmental pediatrics.
  • Maternal-fetal medicine and obstetrics.

Background:

  • Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is a critical indicator of adverse neonatal outcomes.
  • Preterm infants, especially those with low birth weight, face heightened risks.
  • Understanding SGA prevalence and associated factors is crucial for improving neonatal care in resource-limited settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of SGA and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) in preterm infants weighing less than 2000g.
  • To compare variations in multiple risk factors among these infants.
  • To identify specific factors associated with SGA births in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 531 singleton preterm babies born <2000g.
  • Birth size-for-gestational-age centiles were calculated using Intergrowth-21st data.
  • Infants were classified as SGA (<10th percentile), AGA (10th-90th percentile), or large-for-gestational-age (>90th percentile).

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of SGA was 46.14% and AGA was 53.86%.
  • Maternal pre-eclampsia was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of SGA (32.42% vs 57.94%).
  • Risk factors significantly associated with SGA included a history of stillbirth (AOR 2.96), pre-eclampsia (AOR 3.36), and extremely low birth weight (AOR 10.48).

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of SGA among preterm infants weighing <2000g in the study area was very high.
  • Maternal pre-eclampsia is a substantial risk factor for SGA.
  • Maternal and newborn health strategies should utilize gestational age and birth weight data to assess and manage newborn risks effectively.
Abstract

Keywords:
epidemiologyneonatologypublic health

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