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Anthropomorphic model rigid loading indenter with embedded sensor development for wheelchair cushion standard

Cheng-Shiu Chung1, Garrett G Grindle1, Joshua D Brown1

  • 1Human Engineering Research Laboratories, University of Pittsburgh and US Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
|November 23, 2022
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Summary

A new anthropomorphic model cushion rigid loading indenter with embedded sensors (AMCRLI-ES) accurately measures forces on cushions. This device reveals significant differences in cushion energy dissipation and stiffness, aiding in material selection.

Keywords:
CushionIndenterPressure injuryRehabilitation engineeringStandardsWheelchair

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

  • Pressure injuries are a significant concern for individuals with limited mobility.
  • Accurate assessment of cushion properties is crucial for preventing pressure-related complications.
  • Existing methods may not fully capture the complex force distribution on seating surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an anthropomorphic model cushion rigid loading indenter with embedded sensors (AMCRLI-ES).
  • To assess compression and shear forces at critical anatomical locations (trochanters, ischial tuberosities).
  • To evaluate the performance of commercial cushions under standardized testing conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Designed an anthropomorphic model cushion rigid loading indenter with embedded sensors (AMCRLI-ES) compliant with ISO 16840-2 dimensions.
  • Optimized sensor design using finite element analysis for measuring 3-axis load cell data.
  • Tested six commercial cushions using the AMCRLI-ES following standard ISO 16840-2 procedures.

Main Results:

  • The AMCRLI-ES successfully measured compression and shear forces at key areas including the thigh, trochanter, ischial tuberosity, and sacral regions.
  • Statistically significant differences were observed in energy dissipation and stiffness values among the tested cushions (p < 0.001).
  • Energy dissipation (ED) showed a moderate to high negative correlation with hysteresis at 500 N (r = -0.537, p = 0.022).

Conclusions:

  • The AMCRLI-ES is a capable tool for detailed analysis of cushion weight distribution and force transmission.
  • The study highlights significant variations in mechanical properties among commercial cushions.
  • Findings provide valuable data for selecting cushions that optimize pressure distribution and minimize injury risk.