Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

15.0K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
15.0K
Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

86
Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
86
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

499
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
499
Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

196
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
196
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

12.1K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predicting multiple long-term conditions with role limitation at age 46 using early-life data from the 1970 British Cohort Study.

BMJ public health·2026
Same author

Nottingham families were right about maternity failings; now ministers must listen to their calls for a statutory public inquiry.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026
Same author

What does it mean to recover from long covid?

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026
Same author

Incidence and outcomes of patients hospitalised with COPD in Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Scotland 2015-2022: a retrospective cohort study.

BMC pulmonary medicine·2026
Same author

An Application of the Pantheoretical Framework of Dehumanization to Understanding Self-Injury Among Trans Young People: A Systematic Review.

Transgender health·2026
Same author

How do Mental Health Service Users and Staff Think the Cost-of-living Crisis Has Impacted Mental Health in England? A Qualitative Analysis.

Community mental health journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
08:25

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

492

Long Covid stigma: Estimating burden and validating scale in a UK-based sample.

Marija Pantelic1,2, Nida Ziauddeen3,4, Mark Boyes5,6

  • 1Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom.

Plos One
|November 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most people with Long Covid experience significant stigma, including enacted, internalised, and anticipated forms. A new scale, the Long Covid Stigma Scale (LCSS), was developed to measure this burden.

More Related Videos

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
07:31

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack

Published on: May 15, 2020

7.2K
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
06:04

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

683

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
08:25

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

492
Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
07:31

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack

Published on: May 15, 2020

7.2K
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
06:04

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

683

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Psychology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Stigma involves social disqualification due to perceived undesirable attributes.
  • Long Covid is a multisystem condition post-SARSCoV2 infection, often causing disability.
  • Understanding and quantifying Long Covid stigma is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Long Covid Stigma Scale (LCSS).
  • To measure the prevalence and burden of stigma experienced by individuals with Long Covid.

Main Methods:

  • A co-produced online survey collected data from 888 UK participants.
  • The Long Covid Stigma Scale (LCSS) was developed with 13 questions across enacted, internalised, and anticipated stigma domains.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis validated the LCSS structure and model fit.

Main Results:

  • The LCSS demonstrated good model fit with strong factor loadings for all stigma domains.
  • A high prevalence of stigma was reported: 95% experienced stigma at least 'sometimes', and 76% 'often/always'.
  • Internalised and anticipated stigma were more common than enacted stigma; clinical diagnosis correlated with higher stigma.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Long Covid Stigma Scale (LCSS) is a validated instrument for measuring stigma.
  • The study confirms that stigma is a pervasive issue for individuals living with Long Covid.
  • Findings underscore the need for interventions to mitigate Long Covid stigma.