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Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

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A Rapid and Sensitive Aptamer-Based Biosensor for Amnesic Shellfish Toxin Domoic Acid.

Luming Zhao¹, Han Guo¹, Han Chen¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 24, 2022

Summary

Researchers developed a new aptasensor for detecting domoic acid (DA), a harmful algal toxin. This rapid and specific biosensor offers a promising tool for monitoring shellfish safety and preventing amnesic shellfish poisoning.

Keywords:

Capture-SELEX aptamer aptasensor biolayer interferometry (BLI)domoic acid (DA)

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Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Biotechnology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing, necessitating rapid detection of toxins like domoic acid (DA).
DA is an amnesic shellfish toxin produced by algae, posing risks to human health and marine ecosystems.
Aptamers offer a novel molecular recognition approach for sensitive and specific toxin detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To screen and optimize aptamers for high-affinity binding to domoic acid (DA).
To elucidate the molecular interaction mechanism between DA and its aptamer.
To construct and validate a rapid, specific biosensor for DA detection.

Main Methods:

Selection of DA aptamers using Capture-SELEX.
Aptamer optimization through identification and truncation.
Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study binding mechanisms.
Construction of a biolayer interferometry (BLI)-based aptasensor.

Main Results:

An optimized aptamer (C1-d) with high affinity (K_D = 109 nM) and specificity for DA was obtained.
Critical binding sites for DA-aptamer interaction were identified through computational simulations.
The BLI-based aptasensor demonstrated a linear range of 0.625–10 μM, a limit of detection (LOD) of 13.7 nM, and rapid detection within 7 minutes.
The aptasensor showed high specificity, precision, repeatability, and recovery rates in real samples.

Conclusions:

This study presents the first identification and mechanistic investigation of DA-aptamer interactions.
A novel BLI-based aptasensor for DA detection was successfully developed.
The findings provide a theoretical foundation for the detection and prevention of DA-related shellfish poisoning.