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This study introduces a novel programmable metasurface that uses distributed thermal sensing for flexible control of electromagnetic waves. This innovation allows independent modulation of each element, enhancing control capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Metamaterials
  • Electromagnetics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Programmable metasurfaces offer control over electromagnetic waves but often lack flexible regulation.
  • Existing methods for metasurface element control are not sufficiently adaptable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a novel metasurface with independently modulated elements using distributed thermal sensing.
  • To enhance the flexibility and control of electromagnetic wave manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • A 1-bit coding metasurface design incorporating PIN diodes for phase response modulation.
  • Integration of thermistors within each metasurface unit for independent thermal sensing and modulation.
  • Utilizing a voltage control circuit to link thermistor feedback to PIN diode switching states.
  • Fabrication and testing of an 8x8 metasurface element sample using printed circuit board (PCB) technology.

Main Results:

  • The designed metasurface demonstrated the ability to sense thermal fields and modulate electromagnetic waves accordingly.
  • Simulated results showed high consistency with experimental measurements, validating the proposed scheme.
  • The independent modulation capability of each element was successfully proven.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed distributed thermal sensing metasurface offers a practicable and flexible approach to electromagnetic wave control.
  • This technology opens new avenues for advanced programmable metasurfaces with enhanced functionalities.
  • The successful fabrication and testing confirm the viability of integrating thermal sensing with microwave metasurface operation.