Evaluation and management of urologic complications following transmasculine genital reconstructive surgery

Transmasculine genital reconstructive surgery involves the creation of a neourethra by way of metoidioplasty or phalloplasty. We aim to describe approaches in identifying complications associated with these procedures as well as the various reparative techniques that can be utilized to reestablish the neourethral tract.

We prepared a guide to diagnostic and procedural interventions for urologic complications following transmasculine genital reconstructive surgery based on our clinical experience as well as those of our colleagues. We reviewed all current peer-reviewed publications based on this topic.

These procedures have a considerable revision rate for urologic complications, which include urethrocutaneous fistulae, persistent vaginal remnant, and urethral strictures. These complications often present simultaneously and require appropriate workup and treatment.

Several reconstructive techniques can be employed to restore the neourethral tract, as we describe in detail.