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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model
Published on: April 28, 2023
Buccal Mucosa a Narrative Review: How Does It Work, How Is It Used, What Is Coming Next
Joshua Sterling1, Dylan Hecksher1, Chris Hayden1
1Yale School of Medicine, Department of Urology, New Haven, CT.
Abstract:
Buccal mucosa grafts (BMG) have become the standard for complex urethral reconstruction due to unique regenerative properties, including rapid re-epithelialization, minimal inflammation, and tightly controlled fibroblast action that results in "scarless healing". These characteristics reflect fetal-like wound healing phenotypes with distinct fibroblast subpopulations and favorable inflammatory profiles. BMG have applications across the genitourinary tract from renal pelvis to external genitalia. Emerging technologies-tissue-engineered oral mucosal substitutes, extracellular vesicles, and organoid systems-offer future possibilities for patients who need large reconstructions. However, clinical translation requires manufacturing standardization and cost reduction. This review outlines BMG biology and highlights future urologic applications.
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