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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

A Model of Epileptogenesis in Rhinal Cortex-Hippocampus Organotypic Slice Cultures

A Model of Epileptogenesis in Rhinal Cortex-Hippocampus Organotypic Slice Cultures

Published on: March 18, 2021

Local brain environment changes associated with epileptogenesis.

Yoko Ikoma¹, Daichi Sasaki¹, Ko Matsui^1,2

¹Super-network Brain Physiology Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology

|November 24, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Astrocytes in the lateral hypothalamus undergo plastic changes, shifting from alkaline to acidic pH during epilepsy development. This pH shift, linked to neuronal activity and metabolic changes, may worsen seizures and offers a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords:

SUDEP astrocyte epilepsy fibre photometry hypothalamus

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Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

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Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins

Published on: August 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cellular Biology
Epilepsy Research

Background:

Neuronal plasticity is traditionally linked to synaptic mechanisms.
Astrocytes regulate the brain's local environment and metabolic state.
Epileptogenesis involves changes in brain environment and astrocyte function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate plastic changes in astrocyte reactions within the lateral hypothalamus.
To examine astrocyte calcium (Ca2+) and pH dynamics during epileptogenesis.
To explore the role of astrocyte environment in seizure exacerbation.

Main Methods:

Utilized in vivo fiber photometry in freely moving transgenic mice.
Employed fluorescent sensors for astrocyte Ca2+ and pH.
Developed a novel method to analyze optical signals, accounting for blood volume and pH changes.

Main Results:

Observed a transient alkaline shift in astrocytes followed by a prominent acidic shift during kindling-induced seizures.
Detected increased local brain blood volume with intensified seizures.
The acidic shift persisted despite increased blood flow, suggesting increased metabolic load or glutamate transporter activity.

Conclusions:

Astrocyte pH dynamics are altered during epileptogenesis.
The observed acidic shift may result from heightened astrocyte metabolic activity or glutamate transport.
Modulating astrocyte pH and Ca2+ presents a potential therapeutic strategy for epilepsy.