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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

13
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
13
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

71
Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
71
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

28
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
28
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

24
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
24
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

38
IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
38
Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

34
Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
34

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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Biomarkers in Urolithiasis.

David E Hinojosa-Gonzalez1, Brian H Eisner1

  • 1Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 1102, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

The Urologic Clinics of North America
|November 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomarkers for kidney stone disease, including serum and urinary markers, aim to improve patient detection and management. However, their clinical adoption is limited, requiring more evidence for widespread use in kidney stone care.

Keywords:
BiomarkersKidney stonesNephrolithiasisUrolithiasis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology and Urology
  • Biomarker Discovery and Validation

Background:

  • Kidney stone disease management relies on various diagnostic and prognostic tools.
  • Biomarkers, including serum markers, urinary proteins, and inflammatory indicators, have been investigated to enhance understanding of kidney stone disease.
  • Current biomarkers offer potential for improved detection, patient stratification, and management of complications like ureteral obstruction and infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of biomarkers studied in kidney stone disease.
  • To assess the potential utility of these biomarkers in clinical practice for detection and stratification.
  • To identify the limitations and future research needs for biomarker adoption in kidney stone patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biomarkers for kidney stone disease.
  • Analysis of biomarker types: serum markers, novel urinary proteins, and inflammatory markers.
  • Evaluation of biomarker applications in acute ureteral obstruction, stone passage, and infectious complications.

Main Results:

  • A range of biomarkers have been studied for their potential in kidney stone disease.
  • These biomarkers aim to provide additional clinical information for diagnosis and patient management.
  • Limited adoption of these novel biomarkers has been observed in clinical settings.

Conclusions:

  • Biomarkers show promise for improving the care of patients with kidney stones.
  • Further clinical evidence is essential to establish the definitive role and utility of these biomarkers.
  • Future research should focus on validating biomarkers for routine use in kidney stone disease management.