Obesity management in women of reproductive age

With the increasing prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age, the detrimental effects on maternal and neonatal health are increasing. The objective of this review is to summarise the evidence that comprehensive management of weight control in women of reproductive age has on maternal-fetal outcomes. First, the impact that obesity has on fertility and pregnancy is described and then the specific aspects of continued weight management in each of the stages (preconception, pregnancy and postpartum) during these years are outlined, not only to benefit women affected by obesity before pregnancy, but also to avoid and reverse weight gain during pregnancy that complicates future pregnancies. Finally, the special planning and follow-up needs of women with a history of bariatric surgery are discussed in order to avoid nutritional deficiencies and/or surgical complications that endanger the mother or affect fetal development.