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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Spin cross-correlation experiments in an electron entangler.

Arunav Bordoloi1,2, Valentina Zannier3, Lucia Sorba3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. bordoloi@umd.edu.

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|November 24, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers directly measured electron spin correlations from Cooper pairs, confirming theoretical predictions of spin-entangled singlet states. This breakthrough enables new nano-electronic spin correlation experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Correlations are crucial for understanding many-body systems but are challenging to measure at the microscopic level, especially for electron spins.
  • Theoretically, electrons in a Cooper pair are known to form maximally spin-entangled singlet states, but experimental verification has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly measure spin cross-correlations between electron currents emitted from a Cooper pair splitter.
  • To experimentally verify the spin-entangled singlet state of electrons in Cooper pairs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Cooper pair splitter device emitting electrons from Cooper pairs.
  • Employed ferromagnetic split-gates as tunable spin filters to polarize electron spins in quantum dots.
  • Detected spin cross-correlations using standard transport and sensitive transconductance measurements.

Main Results:

  • Directly measured negative spin cross-correlation, consistent with spin singlet emission.
  • Observed deviations from the ideal value attributed to the overlap of Zeeman-split quantum dot states.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a novel method for performing spin correlation experiments in nano-electronic devices.
  • The technique is suitable for magnetic field-sensitive superconductors and potential Bell tests with massive particles.