Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 20, 2025
07:42
Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
444
Bond strength to different CAD/CAM lithium disilicate reinforced ceramics
Mona Alhomuod1, Jin-Ho Phark1, Sillas Duarte1
1Advanced Operative and Adhesive Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Summary
For durable dental restorations, applying silane coupling agent after etching and before universal adhesive is crucial for strong, long-lasting bonds to lithium disilicate ceramics. Omitting silane significantly weakens bond strength over time.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Adhesive Dentistry
Background:
- Lithium disilicate ceramics (LDC) are widely used in CAD/CAM dental restorations.
- Achieving durable adhesive bonds between LDC and resin cements is critical for restoration longevity.
- The role of silane coupling agents in conjunction with universal adhesives requires further investigation for novel LDC materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of universal adhesive alone versus universal adhesive with additional silane on the shear bond strength (SBS) to four different LDC materials.
- To analyze the microstructure and failure modes of LDC-resin bonds under different adhesive strategies and aging conditions.
Main Methods:
- Four CAD/CAM LDC materials were etched with hydrofluoric acid.
- Specimens were bonded using either a universal adhesive alone or silane followed by a universal adhesive.
- Shear bond strength was tested after 24 hours and after 20,000 cycles of thermocycling plus 2 months of water storage.
Main Results:
- Shear bond strength values ranged from 29.08 to 17.87 MPa (non-aged) and 22.24 to 3.01 MPa (aged).
- Omitting silane application significantly reduced bond strength after aging (p < 0.001).
- Failure modes were predominantly mixed, with some cohesive failures observed within the LDC.
Conclusions:
- Bond strength to CAD/CAM LDC is significantly influenced by the ceramic's microstructure.
- The additional application of silane after hydrofluoric acid etching remains essential for achieving long-term bonding to LDC, even when universal adhesives contain silane.
- Water degradation substantially compromises long-term bonding efficacy to novel LDC materials.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Bonding and Strength of Aggregate
242
The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
242
01:20Strength of Cement
195
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
195
01:29Strength and Heat of Hydration
299
The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
299
01:17Mortar Properties
166
Mortar properties encompass a range of characteristics crucial for construction and masonry work, including workability, water retention, bond strength, durability, compressive strength, volume change, and appearance. Workability refers to mortar's ability to be easily applied and manipulated without sagging or falling off surfaces, which is important for efficient masonry unit placement and alignment. Water retention is essential to prevent the mortar from losing moisture too quickly to...
166