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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

241
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
241
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

528
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
528
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

242
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
242
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

114
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
114
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

520
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
520
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

475
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
475

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
06:45

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Epilepsy and COVID 2021.

Ignacio Valencia1, Anne T Berg2,3, Lawrence J Hirsch4

  • 1Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Epilepsy Currents
|November 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted people with epilepsy, but vaccines are safe and effective. Telemedicine improved access to care for neurological conditions during this challenging period.

Keywords:
COVIDepilepsyseizurestelemedicinevaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) infection affects over 400 million globally, causing respiratory and neurological symptoms.
  • People with epilepsy (PWE) faced challenges including reduced care access and increased seizure frequency (up to 22%) during the pandemic.
  • COVID-19 infection can precipitate seizures, status epilepticus, and inflammatory syndromes, even in those without prior epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neurological impact of COVID-19, particularly on people with epilepsy.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in PWE.
  • To highlight the role of telemedicine in managing neurological conditions during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on COVID-19, epilepsy, and vaccination.
  • Analysis of reported neurological complications and seizure phenotypes associated with COVID-19.
  • Evaluation of telemedicine adoption and its effectiveness in patient care.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 vaccination does not increase seizure risk in most PWE and offers significant protection.
  • COVID-19 can cause encephalopathy and seizures, but lacks a unique EEG or seizure pattern.
  • Telemedicine, including video consultations, has become crucial for maintaining patient care access.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 vaccines are safe for PWE, and vaccination is recommended.
  • Neurological complications from COVID-19, including seizures, are a significant concern.
  • Robust telemedicine infrastructure is vital for ensuring continuous healthcare access, especially during pandemics.