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Related Concept Videos

Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Assessing Blood Pressure01:10

Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Assessing Blood Pressure

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Accurate blood pressure assessment is crucial for diagnosing and managing various health conditions. To ensure the reliability of these measurements, healthcare professionals must adhere to standardized pre-procedural guidelines. These guidelines enhance patient safety and improve the overall quality of healthcare. The following steps are essential for obtaining accurate and consistent blood pressure readings, from using the appropriate tools to ensuring effective communication with the...
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Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

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When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
796
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)01:23

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)

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Measuring blood pressure is a fundamental skill in healthcare that aids in diagnosing and monitoring hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. An aneroid sphygmomanometer, commonly used in clinical settings, offers a manual and precise method for blood pressure measurement. The technique for using this instrument involves specific steps that must be carefully executed to ensure accuracy. The following detailed description outlines a two-step technique for assessing blood pressure using...
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Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Updated: Aug 20, 2025

Real-Time Monitoring and Modulation of Blood Pressure in a Rabbit Model of Ischemic Stroke
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Real-Time Monitoring and Modulation of Blood Pressure in a Rabbit Model of Ischemic Stroke

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Intraoperative Blood Pressure Variability and Early Postoperative Stroke: A Case-Control Study.

Diana J Valencia Morales1, Nika Zorko Garbajs2, Sarah S Tawfic3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

The American Surgeon
|November 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Red blood cell transfusion, not hemodynamic variability, significantly increases the risk of postoperative stroke. This finding highlights the importance of careful transfusion management in surgical patients to prevent adverse neurological events.

Keywords:
average real variabilityblood pressure variabilityblood transfusionpostoperative strokevasopressors

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Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Postoperative stroke is a serious complication following surgical procedures.
  • Understanding risk factors is crucial for patient safety and improved outcomes.
  • Intraoperative hemodynamic variability and transfusion practices are potential contributors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between intraoperative hemodynamic variability and postoperative stroke.
  • To assess the impact of transfusion management on the risk of postoperative stroke.
  • To identify independent risk factors for stroke after surgery.

Main Methods:

  • A matched case-control study design was employed.
  • Adult patients who experienced stroke within 72 hours of surgery were compared to controls.
  • Key factors analyzed included fluid administration, blood product transfusion, vasopressor use, and hemodynamic variability (blood pressure and heart rate).

Main Results:

  • The incidence of postoperative stroke was 9.3 per 100,000 procedures.
  • Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was independently associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke (OR, 10.10).
  • Vasopressor use and longer procedure duration also increased stroke risk, but RBC transfusion was the strongest independent predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative hemodynamic variability (blood pressure and heart rate) was not found to be associated with an increased risk of postoperative stroke.
  • Red blood cell transfusion emerged as a significant and independent risk factor for postoperative stroke.
  • These findings underscore the critical role of transfusion management in mitigating stroke risk.