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Comprehensive Understanding of Inactivity-Induced Gait Alteration in Rodents

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Multiple Head Rotations Result in Persistent Gait Alterations in Piglets.

Mackenzie Mull¹, Oluwagbemisola Aderibigbe¹, Marzieh Hajiaghamemar²

¹Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

|November 26, 2022

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Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) in young children significantly alter gait patterns, impacting motor control. Gait analysis provides objective measures for tracking recovery from pediatric TBI.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomechanical Engineering
Pediatric Traumatology

Background:

Multiple/repeated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in young children can lead to lasting gait impairments and disrupt motor control development.
Understanding the long-term effects of pediatric TBI is crucial for effective intervention and rehabilitation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish reference ranges (RR) for gait parameters to validate injury and monitor recovery in a juvenile swine model of mTBI.
To assess gait pattern alterations following single and multiple sagittal rapid non-impact head rotations (RNR) in young swine.

Main Methods:

Gait patterns were analyzed in four groups of 4-week-old Yorkshire swine: healthy, anesthesia-only sham, single RNR injury, and multiple (5x) RNR injury.
Data were collected pre-injury and at 1, 4, and 7 days post-injury, with RR validation using additional healthy animals.

Keywords:

concussion gait pediatric rapid non-impact head rotation swine

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Key gait parameters included gait time, cycle time, stance time, gait velocity, cadence, and stride length.

Main Results:

Repeated mTBI significantly increased gait time, cycle time, and stance time, while decreasing gait velocity and cadence on Day One post-injury.
These gait alterations persisted significantly at Days Four and Seven post-injury, with repeated TBI metrics falling outside the healthy RR.
Single RNR injury showed a transient bilateral decrease in hind stride length at Day Four, while repeated injuries caused more widespread and persistent gait deficits.

Conclusions:

Repeated and single sagittal TBI in a juvenile porcine model significantly impair motor performance.
Gait metrics are reliable, objective, and quantitative functional assessments for evaluating TBI in pediatric models.
This study highlights the potential for long-term motor deficits following pediatric TBI and the utility of gait analysis in assessing severity and recovery.