Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

563
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
563
Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

72.9K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
72.9K
What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

What is Monogastric Digestion?

71.9K
The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
71.9K
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

69
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
69
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

407
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
407
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

6.6K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predictors of 1-year weight maintenance after intragastric balloon removal: a real-world cohort study of 478 patients.

Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery·2026
Same author

Metabolic Surgery in the GLP-1 Era: Upfront Toll, Long-Term Dividend.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·2026
Same author

Predicting Best Performers After Minimally Invasive Left Pancreatectomy: Insights From a National Cohort.

Annals of surgery·2026
Same author

Will We Need a Novel Heuristic in Resectable Lung Cancer?: A Narrative Review.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2026
Same author

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systematically Differs from Histology in Quantifying Macrovesicular Liver Steatosis in Individuals with Morbid Obesity: A Prospective Paired MRI-Histology Study in Bariatric Surgery.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Barrett's Esophagus and Histologic Esophagitis After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Long-term Prospective Endoscopic and Histopathologic Evaluation.

Obesity surgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2025

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

4.4K

Gut Microbiota Host-Gene Interaction.

Paola Cuomo1, Rosanna Capparelli1, Marco Alifano2,3

  • 1Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut microbiota metabolites are vital for immune development and nutrition. Disruptions, often from antibiotics or diet, can lead to diseases like IBD and cancer, highlighting the need for further research.

Keywords:
Helicobacter pylorigut cancergut microbiotainflammatory bowel diseaselung cancer

More Related Videos

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
10:51

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

22.6K
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

29.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 20, 2025

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

4.4K
Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
10:51

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

22.6K
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

29.0K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gut microbiota metabolites play crucial roles in immune system development, pathogen defense, and nutrient absorption.
  • Alterations in gut microbiota composition are linked to various diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancers.
  • Antibiotics and dietary changes are significant factors that negatively impact gut microbiota health, especially in early life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the essential functions of gut microbiota metabolites.
  • To highlight the link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the onset of various diseases.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into host-microbiota interactions and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies (last ten years) on gut microbiota functions and implications.
  • Analysis of factors affecting gut microbiota, such as diet and antibiotic exposure.
  • Discussion of advancements in molecular technology, microbiota transplantation, and metagenomic analysis for studying host-microbiota interactions.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota metabolites are essential for newborn immune system development, pathogen interception, and nutritional enrichment.
  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a precursor to gastrointestinal infections, obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal and lung cancers.
  • Early antibiotic exposure in newborns can impair immune system development, increasing susceptibility to infections, allergies, and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the complex interactions between host genes, microbiota, and the environment is advancing through animal models and molecular techniques.
  • Further longitudinal studies on patients undergoing therapy, coupled with identifying key bacteria in responders, are crucial for developing improved therapeutic interventions.
  • Continued research is necessary to fully elucidate the role of gut microbiota in health and disease and to leverage this knowledge for clinical benefit.