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Comparing a Fully Automated Cephalometric Tracing Method to a Manual Tracing Method for Orthodontic Diagnosis.

Ioannis A Tsolakis1, Apostolos I Tsolakis2,3, Tarek Elshebiny3

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study found that automated cephalometric analysis using deep learning software is a reliable and accurate alternative to manual tracing for orthodontic measurements.

Keywords:
artificial intelligenceautomaticcephalometricsdigitalmanualtracing

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Cephalometric analysis is crucial in orthodontics for diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Manual tracing of cephalometric landmarks is time-consuming and subject to user variability.
  • Advancements in AI offer potential for automated cephalometric analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy and reliability of an automated deep learning-based cephalometric analysis with manual tracing.
  • To evaluate the performance of the Artificial Intelligence CS imaging V8 software against traditional methods.

Main Methods:

  • 100 lateral cephalometric X-rays were analyzed using both manual tracing (Dolphin 3D Imaging) and automated analysis (AI CS imaging V8).
  • Standard analyses (American and European Board of Orthodontics) were applied, measuring 16 landmarks, 16 angular, and 2 linear parameters.
  • Intra-class reliability and agreement (ICC) were calculated to assess reproducibility and concordance between methods.

Main Results:

  • Both manual and automated methods demonstrated high reproducibility (ICC > 0.97).
  • Excellent agreement was observed between the two methods (ICC range: 0.70–0.92).
  • No significant differences were found for most measurements; however, FMA, L1-MP, ANS-PNS/GoGn, and U1-L1 showed statistically significant differences.

Conclusions:

  • The automated cephalometric tracing method using CS imaging V8 software is reliable and accurate.
  • This AI-driven approach offers a viable and efficient alternative for cephalometric measurements in orthodontic practice.
  • Further research may be needed to address statistically significant differences in specific measurements.