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Related Concept Videos

States of Matter01:20

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Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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What is Matter?01:13

What is Matter?

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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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Thousands of artificial satellites orbit the Earth every day at various distances from the Earth. Satellites that orbit the Earth below an altitude of 1,600 km are considered to be orbiting in low-Earth orbit (LEO). Research satellites and Earth observation satellites are usually placed in LEO, and mostly orbit the Earth in elliptical orbits. Navigation satellites are placed in medium-Earth orbit (MEO), ranging from 2,000 km to 36,000 km from the surface of the Earth. Meanwhile, communication...
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Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion01:10

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In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. He formulated his first two laws based on the observations of his forebears, Nikolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe.
Polish astronomer Nikolaus Copernicus put forth a theory that stated a heliocentric model for the solar system. According to this heliocentric theory, all the planets, including Earth, orbit the Sun in circular orbits.
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The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite sign) as the ejected gases. As time goes by, the rocket's mass (which includes the mass of the remaining fuel) continuously decreases, and its velocity increases. Therefore, the principle of conservation of momentum is used to explain the dynamics of a rocket's motion. The ideal rocket equation gives the change in velocity that a rocket...
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Active matter in space.

Giorgio Volpe1, Clemens Bechinger2, Frank Cichos3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom. g.volpe@ucl.ac.uk.

NPJ Microgravity
|November 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exploring active matter in space offers new insights into non-equilibrium physics and self-organization. Microgravity environments reveal complex dynamics crucial for biology, robotics, and space exploration materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Active matter research bridges non-equilibrium thermodynamics with applications in biology, robotics, and nano-medicine.
  • Earth's gravity often masks the emergent dynamics of soft active matter systems.
  • Active matter units harness environmental energy for collective behaviors and self-organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review ongoing and future research on active matter in space.
  • To explore how low-gravity and microgravity conditions enhance the study of active matter.
  • To unify understanding of far-from-equilibrium physics and active matter systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current space-based active matter research.
  • Analysis of microgravity's impact on active matter dynamics.
  • Theoretical and experimental proposals for space studies.

Main Results:

  • Space studies can overcome gravity-induced limitations in observing active matter.
  • Microgravity facilitates the study of self-organization and collective behaviors.
  • Potential for novel applications in space exploration and colonization.

Conclusions:

  • Space offers a unique environment to advance active matter physics.
  • Research in space will deepen our understanding of non-equilibrium systems.
  • Active matter research in space is vital for future space exploration and manufacturing.