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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Spatial and Temporal Control of Murine Melanoma Initiation from Mutant Melanocyte Stem Cells
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Targeted Therapy for Melanomas Without BRAF V600 Mutation.

Jacob S Choi1, Sunandana Chandra2

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North St. Clair Street, Arkes Suite 2330, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.

Current Oncology Reports
|November 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Targeted therapies offer new hope for BRAF wild-type melanoma patients resistant to immunotherapy. While historically modest, these treatments show promise in specific genetic subgroups, expanding options beyond immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Keywords:
Actionable mutationsBRAF V600 wild-typeMelanomaNext-generation sequencing (NGS)Small molecule inhibitorsTargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed metastatic melanoma treatment.
  • A significant need exists for alternative therapies in patients intolerant or refractory to immunotherapy.
  • Focus is on BRAF wild-type melanoma, a subset requiring distinct treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and clinical efficacy of targeted therapies in BRAF wild-type melanoma.
  • To explore emerging therapeutic strategies beyond traditional immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genomic analyses identifying driver mutations in BRAF wild-type melanoma.
  • Evaluation of targeted therapies, including small molecule inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and antibody drug conjugates.
  • Assessment of clinical efficacy data for various targeted agents.

Main Results:

  • Genomic studies reveal targetable mutations in MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways in BRAF wild-type melanoma.
  • Novel agents like bispecific antibodies and antibody drug conjugates show potential clinical activity, even in rare subtypes.
  • Molecular-targeted therapies have shown modest success but hold promise for select patient groups with distinct genetic profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies represent a valuable, albeit selective, treatment avenue for BRAF wild-type melanoma.
  • Next-generation immunotherapies and immunomodulators are emerging as significant advancements.
  • Further research is crucial for identifying new targets and combination strategies to improve outcomes.