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Multi-functional plant flavonoids regulate pathological microenvironments for vascular stent surface engineering.

Luying Liu1, Xiaorong Lan2, Xiao Chen1

  • 1Institute of Biomaterials and Surface Engineering, Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.

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|November 27, 2022
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Summary

This study developed baicalin-coated stents to prevent in-stent restenosis and thrombosis. The modified stents promote endothelial cell growth, inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation, and improve the vascular microenvironment.

Keywords:
BaicalinPathological microenvironment-regulation (PMR) effectSurface engineeringVascular stentVessel wall cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • In-stent restenosis and late thrombosis are major risks of vascular stent failure, often due to smooth muscle cell proliferation and delayed endothelial repair.
  • Existing stent modifications face challenges from the pathological vascular microenvironment, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia.
  • There is a need for advanced stent coatings that can modulate the pathological vascular microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a multifunctional stent coating using baicalin (BCL) and poly-dopamine (PDA) to inhibit in-stent restenosis and thrombosis.
  • To investigate the ability of baicalin-modified stents to modulate the pathological vascular microenvironment.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of baicalin-modified stents in promoting endothelialization and preventing adverse cellular responses.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of vascular stents with baicalin using poly-dopamine coating technology.
  • Characterization of baicalin immobilization density and its effect on endothelial cell (EC) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) behavior.
  • Assessment of the impact of baicalin-modified surfaces on oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in vitro.
  • In vivo evaluation of baicalin-modified stents for anti-in-stent restenosis, anti-inflammatory, and endothelialization-promoting functions.

Main Results:

  • Stents with optimal baicalin immobilization density (approx. 2.03 μg/cm²) supported EC growth and inhibited SMC proliferation.
  • Baicalin-modified surfaces effectively regulated oxidative stress, inflammation, and high lipid levels, inhibiting endothelial dysfunction and oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage foam cell formation.
  • In vivo studies demonstrated significant anti-in-stent restenosis, anti-inflammatory effects, and enhanced endothelialization with baicalin-modified stents.

Conclusions:

  • Multifunctional baicalin, through pathological microenvironment regulation (PMR), shows potential for cardiovascular device surface engineering.
  • Baicalin-modified stents offer a promising strategy to combat in-stent restenosis and thrombosis by modulating both cellular responses and the vascular microenvironment.
  • This study provides a reference for developing advanced vascular stents with enhanced biocompatibility and therapeutic effects.