[Research Progress on the Determination of Sulfide in Natural Waters: From Laboratory Analysis to In-Situ Monitoring]

Sulfide in natural waters is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. The occurrence of sulfide in natural waters is closely related to water quality and the biogeochemical processes of many other elements because of the labile chemical properties of sulfide. Therefore, it is very important to obtain real and timely concentrations of sulfide in natural waters. In fact, the determination of sulfide in natural waters has long been a hot issue in the field of environmental monitoring. Researchers have developed various analytical methods, mainly based on spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, electrochemistry, chromatography, and flow-based techniques. In addition, substantial progress has been made in the aspect of automation and intelligence. This review systematically summarized the state-of-the-art progress on the determination of sulfide in natural waters, including sample collection and pretreatment, laboratory analysis, on-site analysis, and in-situ monitoring. The advantages and disadvantages and application scope of each method were compared. The trend of future development was also proposed.