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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

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Published on: March 1, 2017

Emerging Self-Representation Presents a Challenge When Perspectives Conflict.

Emanuela Yeung¹, Dimitrios Askitis¹, Velisar Manea¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen.

Open Mind : Discoveries in Cognitive Science

|November 28, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Infants develop self-awareness around 18 months, leading to perspective-taking conflicts. This self-perspective development impacts how they process conflicting self and other viewpoints.

Keywords:

infancy inhibition perspective tracking pupillometry self

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Published on: October 28, 2020

Area of Science:

Developmental psychology
Cognitive neuroscience

Background:

Early infant abilities suggest advanced perspective-taking.
Older children struggle with ignoring their own perspective, creating a paradox.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the emergence of self-perspective and its role in self-other perspective conflict.
Determine the developmental timing of perspective conflict during action anticipation.

Main Methods:

Utilized a non-verbal perspective-tracking scenario.
Employed mirror self-recognition to assess self-awareness.
Measured pupil dilation to index cognitive conflict processing.

Main Results:

Self-perspective development around 18 months creates conflict between self and other viewpoints.
Mirror-recognizing infants showed heightened conflict in high inhibitory demand conditions.
Pupil dilation indicated greater conflict processing in self-aware infants.

Conclusions:

The development of self-awareness is critical for experiencing self-other perspective conflict.
Infants' ability to track others' perspectives may change with the emergence of self-perspective.
Cognitive conflict processing, indexed by pupil dilation, is linked to self-awareness development.