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Gender differences in major depressive disorders: A resting state fMRI study.

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  • 1Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

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|November 28, 2022
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Summary

This study reveals significant sex differences in brain function in major depressive disorder (MDD). Specific brain regions like the occipital lobe and DLPFC show altered activity, potentially serving as biomarkers for sex-specific MDD diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
ALFFReHodorsolateral superior frontal gyrusgendermagnetic resonance imagingmedian cingulate gyrusoccipital lobe

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents significant sex-based disparities in epidemiology and clinical features.
  • The impact of sex on brain function within MDD remains incompletely understood.
  • Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) are established neuroimaging techniques for brain function assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in brain function among individuals with MDD using ReHo and ALFF.
  • To identify specific brain regions exhibiting altered activity related to sex in MDD.
  • To explore the potential of these brain regions as biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were acquired from 80 first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and 85 healthy controls, matched for age and education.
  • Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc analyses were employed to examine sex differences in brain activity, measured by ReHo and ALFF.
  • Correlation analyses investigated the relationship between functional brain alterations and clinical symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Sex-specific patterns of brain function were observed in MDD patients.
  • Women with MDD exhibited decreased ALFF in the right superior occipital gyrus and reduced ReHo in the left calcarine and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus compared to controls and male MDD patients.
  • Men with MDD showed decreased ReHo in the right median cingulate gyrus and increased ReHo in the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus compared to male controls.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct sex differences in brain function exist in MDD.
  • The occipital lobe, calcarine cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and dorsal cingulate gyrus (DCG) are key regions demonstrating these sex-based differences.
  • These identified brain regions may serve as crucial biomarkers for sex-specific diagnosis and therapeutic strategies in MDD.