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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice
04:33

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

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["Literally torn apart by coughing"].

Anne Beate Kroczek1, Michael Mair2, Tsogyal Latshang3

  • 1Klinik für Innere Medizin, Landesspital Liechtenstein, Heiligkreuz 25, 9490, Vaduz, Liechtenstein.

Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany)
|November 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A severe cough caused a 53-year-old patient with COPD and pneumonia to rupture intercostal muscles. Lung tissue herniated, requiring two surgeries and a mesh implant for repair.

Keywords:
COPDHemoptysisIntercostal muscle ruptureIntrathoracic pressureLung herniation

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Medical Case Reports

Background:

  • Presents a rare case of severe respiratory distress in a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and acute pneumonia.
  • Highlights the potential complications arising from severe coughing fits in patients with compromised respiratory function.

Observation:

  • A 53-year-old male patient experienced sudden, severe right-sided chest pain and hemoptysis following an intense coughing episode.
  • Clinical and radiological evaluations revealed a significant rupture of the right intercostal muscles.

Findings:

  • Herniation of the right lower lung lobe into the subcutaneous tissue and below the latissimus dorsi muscle was confirmed.
  • The patient underwent two surgical interventions, including a mesh insertion, to address the extensive muscle rupture and lung herniation.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical importance of managing severe coughing in COPD patients to prevent potentially devastating thoracic complications.
  • Illustrates a unique presentation of traumatic chest wall injury secondary to forceful coughing, necessitating specialized surgical management.
  • Suggests the need for increased awareness among clinicians regarding the risk of intercostal muscle rupture and lung herniation in patients with severe respiratory disease.