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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Obesity and thyroid gland.

Petr Sucharda

    Casopis Lekaru Ceskych
    |November 28, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in obesity, but rarely causes it. Slightly elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone in obesity often reflects metabolic changes, not autoimmune disease, yet still poses health risks.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Health
    • Thyroid Disorders

    Background:

    • Obesity is frequently associated with decreased thyroid function, encompassing both overt and subclinical forms.
    • Hypothyroidism is an uncommon cause of obesity, despite the higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in overweight individuals.
    • Elevated thyrotropin levels in obese individuals, without autoimmune markers, are often a consequence of obesity-related hormonal changes like hyperleptinemia.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between thyroid function and obesity.
    • To differentiate between obesity-induced thyroid changes and true hypothyroidism.
    • To assess the clinical significance of borderline thyrotropin elevations in the context of obesity.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of thyroid function tests (thyrotropin, thyroid hormones) in overweight and obese populations.
    Keywords:
    AdipokinesHypothyroidismhypothyroidismleptinobesitythyroid gland

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  • Evaluation for markers of autoimmune thyroid disease, including antibodies and ultrasonography findings.
  • Correlation of thyroid function parameters with obesity status and other metabolic factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Decreased thyroid function is more prevalent in individuals with overweight and obesity.
    • Borderline or slightly elevated thyrotropin levels, in the absence of autoimmune indicators, are common and linked to obesity.
    • These thyroid function alterations, even if not causative of obesity, are associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk.

    Conclusions:

    • While hypothyroidism is rarely the cause of obesity, thyroid dysfunction is more common in obese individuals.
    • Slightly elevated thyrotropin in obesity often signifies a metabolic consequence rather than autoimmune thyroiditis.
    • These thyroid function changes represent a significant risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular complications in obese patients.