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Mapping the planet's critical natural assets.

Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer1,2,3, Rachel A Neugarten4,5, Richard P Sharp6

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Summary

Critical natural assets, vital ecosystems for human wellbeing, cover 30% of land and 24% of waters. Prioritizing these assets can advance development, climate, and conservation goals.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Human wellbeing depends on sustaining organisms, ecosystems, and natural processes.
  • Sustainable development requires the maintenance of these essential natural systems.
  • Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) are crucial but often overlooked in policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and map "critical natural assets" (CNAs) that provide 90% of 14 key NCP.
  • To assess the spatial extent of CNAs required for local and global NCP.
  • To analyze the overlap of CNAs with biodiversity and cultural diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Defined CNAs as ecosystems providing 90% of 14 NCP types.
  • Mapped global CNA locations at 2km resolution.
  • Quantified land and water area requirements for local and global NCP provision.
  • Assessed overlap with global language and species distribution data.

Main Results:

  • CNAs for local NCP cover 30% of global land and 24% of national waters.
  • An additional 14% of land is needed for global NCP (carbon storage, moisture recycling).
  • CNAs significantly overlap with areas rich in cultural diversity (96% of languages) and biodiversity (73% of birds, 66% of mammals).
  • 87% of the global population benefits from local-scale CNAs, though only 16% live within them.

Conclusions:

  • Many vital NCP are not included in current conservation or climate agreements.
  • Prioritizing CNAs and their NCP can simultaneously achieve development, climate, and conservation objectives.
  • This framework offers a pathway to integrate nature's contributions into global policy and sustainable development goals.