Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

1.9K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
1.9K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

3.6K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
3.6K
π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene01:24

π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene

9.5K
Conjugated dienes have lower heats of hydrogenation than cumulated and isolated dienes, making them more stable. The enhanced stabilization of conjugated systems can be understood from their π molecular orbitals.
The simplest conjugated diene is 1,3-butadiene: a four-carbon system where each carbon is sp2-hybridized and has an unhybridized p orbital that contains an unpaired electron. According to molecular orbital theory, atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals such that the number...
9.5K
Carbocations02:10

Carbocations

11.5K
Carbocations are one of the reaction intermediates formed during several nucleophilic substitutions or elimination reactions. A carbocation is an electron-deficient species with the central carbon atom having six electrons and three bonded atoms. The central carbon in a carbocation is sp2 hybridized with trigonal planar geometry. It has an empty p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the structure that can accept electrons. Thus, carbocations act as strong electrophiles and may react with any...
11.5K
Intramolecular Aldol Reaction01:18

Intramolecular Aldol Reaction

2.3K
Intramolecular aldol reaction occurs in dicarbonyl compounds such as dialdehydes, diketones, and keto-aldehydes. The dicarbonyl compounds possess more than one nucleophilic ⍺ carbon for the base to deprotonate and form the enolates. For example, in symmetrical diketones, there are four ⍺ carbons. Hence, four types of enolates are possible when treated with a base. However, since the molecule is symmetrical, the enolates formed on either side of one carbonyl group are equivalent to those...
2.3K
Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular01:33

Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular

1.8K
Radical reactions can occur either intermolecularly or intramolecularly. In an intermolecular radical reaction, a nucleophilic radical adds to an electrophilic alkene or vice versa. In such reactions, the radical and generally the alkene, which is also called the radical trap, are two different molecules. Additionally, for such intermolecular reactions to occur, the radical trap must be active, present in an excess concentration, and the radical starting material must have a weak...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

"Molecular Shakers" as Transmembrane Single-Molecule Channels Toward 1:1 Cl<sup>-</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> Cotransport.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Chiral Cages With Asymmetric π-Clefts Enable Catalytic Enantioconvergent S<sub>N</sub>1 Transformation via Synergistic Cation-π and Anion-π Interactions.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Chiral Macrocycle-Enabled In-Situ Trapping of Catalytically Active Peroxometalate Anions for Directing Asymmetric Sulfoxidation.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Determination of Polymorph A-Enrichment and Absolute Structure of Chiral Zeolite Beta Through Electron Crystallography.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Multiple Conductance States in Artificial Unimolecular Channels.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Selective anion recognition by covalent organic cages.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

10.9K

Intermolecular n→π* Interactions Based on a Tailored Multicarbonyl-Containing Macrocycle.

Jun Zhu1,2, Xu-Dong Wang1, Yu-Fei Ao1,2

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel macrocycle, calix[2]arene[2]barbiturate, that self-assembles into nanotubes via carbonyl interactions. These nanotubes exhibit temperature-dependent structures and show potential for dye separation applications.

Keywords:
calix[2]arene[2]barbituratecarbonyl interactionsn→π* interactionsself-assembled nanotubesingle-crystal chromatography

More Related Videos

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

7.9K
Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

15.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

10.9K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

7.9K
Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

15.5K

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Intermolecular interactions are crucial for self-assembly.
  • Exploring non-covalent interactions like n→π* and carbonyl interactions is key to designing novel materials.
  • Macrocyclic compounds offer unique structural scaffolds for self-assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel multicarbonyl-containing macrocycle, calix[2]arene[2]barbiturate (1).
  • To investigate the self-assembly behavior driven by intermolecular carbonyl interactions.
  • To explore the potential applications of the self-assembled nanostructures, such as in chromatography.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of calix[2]arene[2]barbiturate macrocycle.
  • X-ray single crystal diffraction for structural analysis.
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for morphology studies.
  • X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for structural patterns.
  • Single-crystal and crystal-packed column chromatography for separation studies.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and structural elucidation of calix[2]arene[2]barbiturate 1.
  • Identification of Cl⋅⋅⋅C=O and intermolecular C=O⋅⋅⋅C=O interactions.
  • Unprecedented self-assembly of nanotubes (diameter ~1.4 nm) driven by C=O⋅⋅⋅C=O interactions.
  • Temperature-dependent morphologies: spheres at 25°C and rods at 0°C.
  • Consistent hexagonal patterns in self-assembly and crystal lattice, confirming nanotube architecture.
  • Preliminary demonstration of dye separation using the nanoscopic tubes.

Conclusions:

  • Calix[2]arene[2]barbiturate macrocycles can self-assemble into nanotubes through intermolecular C=O⋅⋅⋅C=O interactions.
  • The self-assembly process is sensitive to temperature, leading to distinct morphologies.
  • The resulting nanotubular structures possess potential for chromatographic separations.