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Liquid Metal pH Morphology Sensor Used for Biological Microenvironment Detection.

Yang Wang1, Liangtao Li1, Shuting Liang1

  • 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China.

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This study introduces a novel pH sensor using liquid gallium droplet shape changes. This innovative sensor effectively monitors biological microenvironments and cell metabolism by detecting hydrogen ion concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Monitoring the pH of biological microenvironments is crucial for understanding cell metabolism and life cycles.
  • Liquid metals (LMs) exhibit sensitivity to hydrogen ions, presenting an opportunity for novel sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile pH sensor utilizing the morphological changes of liquid gallium (LM) droplets.
  • To investigate the pH sensing characteristics and mechanism of LM droplets.

Main Methods:

  • Examined the shape response of LM droplets across a range of pH values.
  • Investigated the electrochemical properties of LM in solutions of varying pH.
  • Analyzed the formation and removal of the native oxide skin on LM and its effect on surface tension.
  • Calibrated the relationship between LM morphology and pH, and assessed interference from impurity ions.

Main Results:

  • LM droplet morphology significantly changes in response to pH variations due to alterations in surface tension caused by oxide layer removal.
  • A reliable calibration curve correlating LM morphology with pH was established.
  • A detection algorithm was developed, enabling automated pH detection via a mobile app.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid gallium droplet morphology change is a viable readout for a novel, facile pH sensor.
  • The developed sensor was successfully applied to detect the pH of cell culture solutions.
  • LM's response to hydrogen ions holds significant potential for microenvironment monitoring applications.