Diverticulitis and Diverticulosis of the Appendix: A Case Series

Introduction Diverticula of the appendix is a rare entity, may be complicated by inflammation/infection, and clinically mimics acute appendicitis. The reported associated risk factors include male gender, Hirschprung's disease, cystic fibrosis and adult age, where some reports claim that they are also associated with an increased risk of appendiceal malignancy. Imaging has a place in pre-operative diagnosis, however, most of the cases were diagnosed during a pathological examination after surgery. They are associated with a higher rate of perforation (more than four times compared with classical acute appendicitis). In this review, we present a case series of five patients diagnosed with diverticulitis and one with diverticulosis of the appendix that were managed at a single centre. Our aim is to explore the common clinical, radiological, and intra-operative findings associated with this disease as well as the outcome of management. Materials and methods A total number of six cases of diverticular disease of the appendix diagnosed and managed at Basildon University hospital in the period between 2016 and 2020 were studied. The demographic details and clinical data including presenting symptoms, laboratory results, radiological characteristics, intraoperative findings and histopathological features were analysed. Results The study group included four males and two females, with an age range of 20-84 years. The most common presenting clinical symptoms were right iliac fossa abdominal pain, nausea, anorexia, and diarrhoea. Half of the cases showed a thickened appendix in the pre-operative CT scan. An inflamed or perforated appendix was seen in five cases as well as inflammation of the diverticula. Conclusion Appendiceal diverticulitis is an uncommon pathology that imitates acute appendicitis, and appendicectomy is the standard treatment. Prophylactic appendicectomy is recommended for non-inflamed diverticula - this is due to the potential risk of inflammation, perforation, and the risk of developing an appendiceal neoplasm.