Concurrent Breast and Colon Cancer: Small Cohort Analysis

Introduction Multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) are increasingly recognized due to improved diagnostics and prolonged survival. Predisposing factors include genetic mutations, lifestyle, and environmental exposures. This study analyzes the clinic-pathological characteristics of female patients diagnosed with synchronous or metachronous bowel and breast cancers to highlight diagnostic challenges and management strategies. Material and methods A retrospective review was conducted on 12 female patients treated for both malignancies between 2015 and 2025. The study analyzed demographic data, clinical presentation, radiological findings, histopathological features, genetic associations, and therapeutic interventions. Results The mean patient age was 70 years (range: 56-84). Seven cases (58%, n=7) were synchronous. In 33% (n=4) of patients, the breast primary was detected incidentally during colon cancer staging. Histopathologically, breast tumours were predominantly invasive carcinoma of no special type. Colonic tumours were mostly adenocarcinomas (91%, n=10), though rare co-pathologies, including a neuroendocrine tumour and anal squamous cell carcinoma, were observed. Curative surgery was performed in 75% (n=8) of breast and 91% (n=10) of colonic cases. The overall mortality rate was 8.3% (n=2). Conclusion MPMNs are becoming more frequent in both elderly and younger demographics. The concurrence of breast and colonic cancers - often metachronous - can arise without identifiable risk factors. These complex cases require an individualized, multidisciplinary approach to ensure timely diagnosis and optimal outcomes.