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Controlling heterogeneous ice nucleation (HIN) on single-layer graphene (SLG) is key for new materials. SLG

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlling heterogeneous ice nucleation (HIN) is crucial for advanced applications like icephobic surfaces and ice-templated materials.
  • Investigating HIN on two-dimensional (2D) materials, particularly single-layer graphene (SLG), is an emerging area with limited experimental data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate HIN on single-layer graphene (SLG) transferred onto various substrates.
  • To understand the influence of substrate properties, surface wettability, and environmental cycles on HIN behavior of SLG.

Main Methods:

  • Single-layer graphene (SLG) was transferred onto silicon, silica, and thermal oxide on silicon substrates.
  • Wetting contact angles (WCAs) were measured, ranging from 2° to 95°.
  • Water droplet freezing and melting cycles were performed to observe changes in SLG hydrophobicity and HIN.

Main Results:

  • Pristine SLG exhibited a high WCA of ~95°, consistent with theoretical values, irrespective of substrate or nanoscale wrinkles.
  • Repeated freezing-melting-drying cycles altered SLG hydrophobicity due to Fermi level shifts and enhanced polar interactions, making it less hydrophobic.
  • Despite increased hydrophilicity, SLG showed a slight decrease in freezing temperature (~3-4 °C), retarding HIN; wettability alone does not predict HIN capability.

Conclusions:

  • Surface topography has minimal impact on SLG wetting behavior.
  • SLG's hydrophobicity can be tuned by environmental cycles, affecting its HIN properties.
  • HIN is governed by the difference in interface energies, not solely by wettability.