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When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
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Strong cloud-circulation coupling explains weak trade cumulus feedback.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Trade cumulus clouds are vital for planetary cooling. New EUREC4A observations show mixing dynamics, not humidity, control cloudiness, refuting models predicting significant cloud loss and high climate sensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Science
  • Cloud Physics

Background:

  • Shallow cumulus clouds in trade-wind regions play a crucial role in Earth's energy balance by reflecting solar radiation.
  • The response of these clouds to climate change represents a significant uncertainty in climate projections.
  • Existing climate models often link changes in cloud fraction to lower-tropospheric mixing, suggesting cloud desiccation with increased mixing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the response of trade cumulus clouds to climate change using new observational data.
  • To test the 'mixing-desiccation hypothesis' which posits increased mixing leads to reduced cloudiness.
  • To evaluate the fidelity of climate models in simulating trade cumulus cloud feedbacks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized observational data from the EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of cloud-circulation coupling in climate) field campaign.
  • Analyzed the interplay between cloud-base cloud fraction, lower-tropospheric mixing, and humidity.
  • Compared model simulations of trade cumulus feedbacks with observational findings.

Main Results:

  • New EUREC4A observations refute the mixing-desiccation hypothesis.
  • Dynamical increases in cloudiness due to mixing were found to be more influential than thermodynamic control via humidity.
  • Mesoscale motions and entrainment rates have opposing effects on humidity, preventing cloud desiccation.
  • Significant discrepancies were observed between climate models and EUREC4A data regarding the magnitude, variability, and coupling of mixing and cloudiness.

Conclusions:

  • Models exaggerating the dependence of cloudiness on relative humidity over mixing are deemed implausible.
  • The study supports and explains a weak trade cumulus feedback at the process scale.
  • These findings challenge a key line of evidence supporting high climate sensitivity.