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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Lipid-based nanoparticles are crucial for advanced drug delivery.
  • Stimulus-responsive systems enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects.
  • Intelligent drug delivery requires precise control over release mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify and review "stimulus-response" mechanisms in intelligent drug delivery.
  • To explore the application of physical and physiological stimuli in nanoparticle-based drug delivery.
  • To provide a future outlook on advanced drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of stimuli into physical (temperature, ultrasound, electromagnetic wave) and physiological (pH, redox, proteins).
  • Summarization of external physical response based on efficiency, particle state, and on-demand release.
  • Description of in vivo drug delivery design using physiological environments and current applications.

Main Results:

  • Physical stimuli offer control over nanoparticle efficiency, state, and release.
  • Physiological stimuli enable targeted drug delivery within the body.
  • Diverse application methods for intelligent drug delivery systems are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Stimulus-responsive lipid nanoparticles represent a promising frontier in drug delivery.
  • Understanding signal sources is key to designing effective intelligent delivery systems.
  • Future developments will likely focus on integrated and multi-stimuli responsive systems.