Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

3.0K
A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
3.0K
Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

114
Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
114
Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components01:27

Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components

444
When a car traverses a curved road, its motion can be elucidated by breaking it down into tangential and normal components. The car-centric coordinates attached to the vehicle move with it.
The positive direction of the t-axis aligns with the increasing position of the car along the curved path, denoted by the unit vector ut. Simultaneously, the n-axis, perpendicular to the t-axis, dissects the curved path into differential arc segments, each forming the arc of a circle with a radius of...
444
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

123
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
123
Language Development01:22

Language Development

426
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
426
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

334
A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
334

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The role of general cognitive skills in integrating visual and linguistic information during sentence comprehension: individual differences across the lifespan.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Do autistic children differ in language-mediated prediction?

Cognition·2023
Same author

Recognizing non-native spoken words in background noise increases interference from the native language.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2022
Same author

A qualitative and quantitative study of self-reported positive characteristics of individuals with ADHD.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2022
Same author

Using Twitter Data for the Study of Language Change in Low-Resource Languages. A Panel Study of Relative Pronouns in Frisian.

Frontiers in artificial intelligence·2021
Same author

Individual Differences in the Adoption of Sound Change.

Language and speech·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

512

Normalization of nonlinearly time-dynamic vowels.

Cesko C Voeten1, Wilbert Heeringa1, Hans Van de Velde1

  • 1Fryske Akademy, Doelestraat 8, Leeuwarden, 8911 DX, The Netherlands.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|December 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated 16 vowel normalization methods for sociophonetic research, focusing on dynamic formant trajectories. Log-mean and centroid methods generally performed well, with newer techniques offering improved variance explanation.

More Related Videos

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions
10:13

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions

Published on: November 25, 2017

11.0K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
05:48

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

Published on: September 27, 2024

512
Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions
10:13

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions

Published on: November 25, 2017

11.0K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
05:48

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Phonetics and Phonology
  • Sociolinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Previous research primarily assessed vowel normalization on steady-state vowels.
  • Sociophonetic research requires methods that account for dynamic formant trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare 16 vowel normalization methods for sociophonetic analysis.
  • To evaluate methods based on their ability to handle formant dynamics and speaker variation.
  • To determine if normalization complements or competes with speaker-specific random effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized generalized additive models to analyze nonlinear dynamic formant trajectories.
  • Compared normalization methods on a hand-corrected dataset from the Flemish-Dutch Teacher Corpus (160 speakers, 8 regions).
  • Assessed performance by measuring removal of anatomical variation, retention of vowel distinctions, and explanation of F0-F3 variance.

Main Results:

  • Lobanov, Gerstman, and Nearey 1 methods showed good performance, as did log-mean and centroid methods.
  • Newer normalization methods achieved higher effect sizes (explained more variance) with only minor performance trade-offs.
  • Speaker-specific random effects remained equally useful before and after normalization, indicating complementarity.

Conclusions:

  • Log-mean and centroid methods are effective for vowel normalization in sociophonetic research.
  • Newer methods offer advantages in explaining variance, making them valuable for analyzing formant dynamics.
  • Vowel normalization and speaker-specific random effects are complementary, not competing, analytical tools.