COVID-19 contagion across remote communities in tropical forests

Understanding COVID-19 contagion among poor populations is hampered by a paucity of data, and especially so in remote rural communities with limited access to transportation, communication, and health services. We report on the first study on COVID-19 contagion across rural communities without road access. We conducted telephone surveys with over 400 riverine communities in the Peruvian Amazon in the early phase of the pandemic. During the first wave (April-June, 2020), COVID-19 spread from cities to most communities through public and private river transportation according to their remoteness. The initial spread was delayed by transportation restrictions but at the same time was driven in unintended ways by government social assistance. During the second wave (August, 2020), although people's self-protective behaviors (promoted through communication access) helped to suppress the contagion, people responded to transportation restrictions and social assistance in distinct ways, leading to greater contagion among Indigenous communities than mestizo communities. As such, the spatial contagion during the early phase of the pandemic in tropical forests was shaped by river transportation and social behaviors. These novel findings have important implications for research and policies on pandemics in rural areas.