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The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...
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The uterine or fallopian tubes function as the conduit through which oocytes travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Each fallopian tube measures approximately 10 to 13 cm long and is anatomically divided into the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and interstitial part (or intramural segment). The infundibulum is characterized by its funnel shape and features extensions called fimbriae which reach towards the peritoneal cavity. These fimbriae play a critical role during ovulation as they extend...
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The mechanics of deformation in curved members, such as beams or arches, under bending moments, involve complex responses. When such a member, symmetric about the y-axis and shaped like a segment of a circle centered at point C, is subjected to equal and opposite forces, its curvature and surface lengths change significantly. This alteration results in the shift of the curvature's center from C to C', indicating a tighter curve.
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When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
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Updated: Aug 19, 2025

Warm Moxibustion and Scraping as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Cervical Spondylosis Treatment
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A Wriggly Problem of Cervix.

Richa Aggarwal1, Abha Sharma1, Preeti Sharma1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology UCMS, GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
|December 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of Trichuris trichiura infection in the female genital tract was identified. This helminthic infection potentially co-occurred with and exacerbated Tubercular Granulomatous Cervicitis.

Keywords:
Genital helminthiasisGranulomatous cervicitisTrichuris trichiuraTuberculosisVaginal discharge

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Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • A 27-year-old female presented with a year of recurrent foul-smelling vaginal discharge, initially treated for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) and cervicitis.
  • Initial investigations, including Pap smear, were inconclusive due to significant inflammation of the cervix.

Observation:

  • During colposcopy, a live whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) was discovered emerging from the cervix.
  • The patient underwent deworming, but symptoms persisted, necessitating further investigation.

Findings:

  • Subsequent colposcopy and biopsy revealed Tubercular Granulomatous Cervicitis.
  • The patient was initiated on Category I Anti-tubercular Treatment (ATT), leading to symptom resolution and improved cervical appearance.

Implications:

  • This case represents the first documented instance of Trichuris trichiura in an ectopic location within the female genital tract.
  • Helminthic infections may play a role in reactivating or worsening latent tuberculosis, highlighting the importance of considering co-infections.