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Aerobic Exercise Training Response in Preterm-Born Young Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure and Stage 1

Holger Burchert1, Winok Lapidaire1, Wilby Williamson1

  • 1Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|December 2, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Aerobic exercise training significantly improved peak oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) and oxygen uptake at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VO2VAT) in both preterm- and term-born individuals. Birth history did not influence the exercise training response, indicating similar benefits for cardiovascular health.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Exercise Science
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Premature birth is linked to increased long-term cardiovascular risk.
  • Preterm individuals may have lower baseline oxygen uptake (VO2) at peak exercise (VO2PEAK) and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VO2VAT).
  • The impact of exercise training on VO2PEAK and VO2VAT in preterm-born individuals is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the VO2PEAK response to aerobic exercise training between preterm- and term-born individuals.
  • To assess group differences in VO2VAT response to exercise training.
  • To investigate if birth history modifies the cardiorespiratory response to exercise interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 52 preterm-born and 151 term-born participants.
  • Participants were assigned to 16 weeks of aerobic exercise training or a control group.
  • Cardiopulmonary exercise tests measured VO2PEAK and VO2VAT pre- and post-intervention; subgroup analysis examined birth history interactions.

Main Results:

  • Exercise training increased VO2PEAK and VO2VAT in term-born participants compared to controls.
  • Preterm-born participants also showed improvements in VO2PEAK and VO2VAT with training.
  • No statistically significant interaction was found between birth history and the exercise intervention's effect on VO2PEAK or VO2VAT.

Conclusions:

  • Aerobic exercise training effectively improves cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2PEAK and VO2VAT) in both preterm- and term-born individuals.
  • The positive effects of this exercise intervention on VO2 metrics are comparable regardless of birth history.
  • This suggests exercise training is a viable strategy to mitigate cardiovascular risk associated with premature birth.

Keywords:
aerobic trainingcardiopulmonaryexercise interventionpreterm birthrandomized clinical trial

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