Synergistic effect of probiotic and postbiotic on attenuation of PM2.5-induced lung damage and allergic response
Yi-Heng Chiu1,2, Hung-Pin Chiu2, Meei-Yn Lin1
1Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, ROC, Taiwan.
Abstract:
To date, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between postbiotics and air pollution, and there is limited knowledge if postbiotic and probiotic have synergistic effects. Therefore, we created a PM-induced lung inflammation mice model and demonstrated the effect of probiotic, postbiotic, and their combination treatment on attenuation of PM2.5-induced lung damage and allergic response. The mice were intratracheally given PM2.5 triggering conditions of acute lung damage and allergic response. Our results showed that individual treatment of probiotic and postbiotic reduced body weight loss by 47.1% and 48.9%, but the results did not show any effect on polarizing IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. In addition, PM2.5-induced overactive expression of IgE treated by probiotic and postbiotic was reduced by 33.2% and 30.4%, respectively. While combination treatment of probiotic and postbiotic exerted a synergistic effect, especially considerably on improving IgE reduction by 57.1%, body weight loss by 78.3%, and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio boost by 87.5%. To sum up the above functionality, these research findings may help establish a novel platform for postbiotic application, formulation, and mechanistic selection with regard to PM2.5-induced lung injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Allergic inflammation caused by PM2.5 is not like common allergens (ex. Pollens, ovalbumin, dust mites), which simply skewing Th1/Th2 polarization to Th2. Thus using probiotics screened by Th1-skewing criteria might not be the best choice to treat on PM2.5-induced symptoms. This research proposed a combination of probiotics and postbiotics on modulating immunity homeostasis, and consequently attenuating complications of PM2.5-induced lung damage. These research findings may help establish a novel platform for postbiotic application, formulation and mechanistic selection with regard to PM2.5-induced lung injury.
Insights
This study shows that combining probiotics and postbiotics synergistically reduces lung damage and allergic responses caused by PM2.5 air pollution in mice. This combination therapy offers a promising approach for managing PM2.5-induced lung injury.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Air pollution, specifically PM2.5, is a significant cause of lung inflammation and allergic responses.
- The therapeutic potential of postbiotics, and their synergistic effects with probiotics, in mitigating air pollution-induced lung damage remains largely unexplored.
- Existing treatments for PM2.5-induced allergies may not be optimal due to the unique immune response triggered by particulate matter.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the individual and combined effects of probiotics and postbiotics on PM2.5-induced lung inflammation and allergic responses in a mouse model.
- To evaluate the synergistic potential of combining probiotic and postbiotic treatments.
- To explore a novel therapeutic strategy for PM2.5-induced lung injury.
Main Methods:
- Establishment of a mouse model with acute lung damage and allergic response induced by intratracheal administration of PM2.5.
- Treatment groups included individual probiotic, individual postbiotic, and a combination of both.
- Assessment of outcomes included body weight changes, IgE levels, and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio.
Main Results:
- Both individual probiotic and postbiotic treatments significantly reduced PM2.5-induced body weight loss and IgE expression.
- The combination treatment demonstrated synergistic effects, significantly enhancing IgE reduction (57.1%), body weight loss improvement (78.3%), and boosting the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio (87.5%).
- Individual treatments did not significantly alter the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, highlighting the synergistic benefit of the combination.
Conclusions:
- Combination therapy of probiotics and postbiotics exhibits a synergistic effect in attenuating PM2.5-induced lung damage and allergic responses.
- This research suggests a novel platform for the application, formulation, and selection of postbiotics for treating PM2.5-induced lung injury.
- Modulating immune homeostasis through combined probiotic and postbiotic administration offers a promising therapeutic avenue for air pollution-related respiratory complications.
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