Monkeypox and its broad clinical spectrum in immunocompromised patients: Two case reports

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Monkeypox (mpox) is a reemerging zoonotic viral disease with global health implications.
• While anyone can contract mpox, certain populations may experience atypical presentations.
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a known risk factor for severe outcomes in various infectious diseases.

Observation:

• This report details two cases of mpox diagnosed in individuals co-infected with HIV.
• Both patients presented with varying degrees of immunosuppression due to their HIV status.
• Significant differences in clinical manifestations of mpox were observed between the two co-infected patients.

Findings:

• Mpox clinical presentation can be highly variable in patients with HIV co-infection.
• The spectrum of disease ranged from subtle, barely visible lesions to severe, life-threatening manifestations.
• Immunosuppression levels influenced the severity and appearance of mpox symptoms.

Implications:

• Healthcare providers should consider mpox in differential diagnoses for individuals with HIV, particularly those presenting with skin lesions.
• Early recognition and management are crucial for improving outcomes in HIV-positive individuals with mpox.
• Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay between HIV, immunosuppression, and mpox pathogenesis.